This page will collect works referenced across the site, along with links back to the ramblings where they were used.

References

Research Papers

• Akgun, Mustafa, and Serkan Toker. Evaluating the Effect of Pretesting with Conversational AI on Retention of Needed Information. arXiv:2412.13487, 2024.
  Used in: The Great Unthinking: Starving the Mind in an Age of Plenty

• Alawneh, Yazan, Hani Sleema, Fadi Salman, Mohammad F. Alshammat, Rami Oteer, and N. K. N. Alrashidi. "Adaptive Learning Systems: Revolutionizing Higher Education Through AI-Driven Curricula." In 2024 International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Communication Systems (ICKECS), 1-5.
  Used in: The Great Unthinking: Starving the Mind in an Age of Plenty

• Bai, L., X. Liu, and J. Su. "ChatGPT: The Cognitive Effects on Learning and Memory." Brainat 1 (2023): e30.
  Used in: The Great Unthinking: Starving the Mind in an Age of Plenty

• Boston, M. D., M. S. Smith, and A. F. Hillen. "Building on Students' Intuitive Strategies to Make Sense of Cross Multiplication." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 9 (2003): 150-155.
  Used in: The Great Unthinking: Starving the Mind in an Age of Plenty

• Çela, E., M. M. Fonkam, and R. Potluri. "Risks of AI-Assisted Learning on Student Critical Thinking." International Journal of Risk and Contingency Management 12 (2024): 1-19.
  Used in: The Great Unthinking: Starving the Mind in an Age of Plenty

• Chinta, S. V., Z. Wang, Z. Yin, N. Hoang, M. Gonzalez, T. L. Quy, et al. FairAIED: Navigating Fairness, Bias, and Ethics in Educational AI Applications. arXiv:2407.18745, 2024.
  Used in: The Great Unthinking: Starving the Mind in an Age of Plenty

• Correia, A., P. Água, and V. Lobo. "Adaptive Learning Design: Integrating AI to Personalize Critical Thinking Education." EDULEARN24 Proceedings (2024): 7733-7741.
  Used in: The Great Unthinking: Starving the Mind in an Age of Plenty

• Faulkenberry, Thomas J. "The Conceptual/Procedural Distinction Belongs to Strategies, Not Tasks: A Comment on Gabriel et al. (2013)." Frontiers in Psychology 4 (2013): 820.
  Used in: The Great Unthinking: Starving the Mind in an Age of Plenty

• Gabriel, F., F. Coché, D. Szucs, V. Carette, B. Rey, and A. Content. "A Componential View of Children's Difficulties in Learning Fractions." Frontiers in Psychology 4 (2013): 715.
  Used in: The Great Unthinking: Starving the Mind in an Age of Plenty

• Gerlich, R. Study on AI Dependence and Critical Thinking Decline. Mixed-methods study summarized in ANSI Blog, 2025.
  Used in: The Great Unthinking: Starving the Mind in an Age of Plenty

• Grinschgl, S., and A. Neubauer. "Supporting Cognition with Modern Technology: Distributed Cognition Today and in an AI-Enhanced Future." Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 5 (2022): 908261.
  Used in: The Great Unthinking: Starving the Mind in an Age of Plenty

• Habib, S., T. Vogel, X. Anli, and E. Thorne. "How Does Generative Artificial Intelligence Impact Student Creativity?" Journal of Creativity 34 (2024): 100072.
  Used in: The Great Unthinking: Starving the Mind in an Age of Plenty

• Hallett, D., T. Nunes, and P. Bryant. "Individual Differences in Conceptual and Procedural Knowledge When Learning Fractions." Journal of Educational Psychology 102 (2010): 395-406.
  Used in: The Great Unthinking: Starving the Mind in an Age of Plenty

• Hecht, S. A., and K. J. Vagi. "Patterns of Strengths and Weaknesses in Children's Knowledge About Fractions." Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 111 (2012): 212-229.
  Used in: The Great Unthinking: Starving the Mind in an Age of Plenty

• Hurd, A. M., Nercesian, S. J., Brown, K. R., et al. "A Systematic Review on Functional Analysis of Noncompliance." Education and Treatment of Children, 46, 45-58, 2023.
  Used in: Parents Teach Your Kids ...

• Jose, Binny, Jaya Cherian, Alie Molly Verghis, Sony Mary Varghise, Mumthas S, and Sibichan Joseph. "The Cognitive Paradox of AI in Education: Between Enhancement and Erosion." Frontiers in Psychology 16 (2025): 1550621.
  Used in: The Great Unthinking: Starving the Mind in an Age of Plenty

• Khalil, F. S. The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Language Learning. Doctoral dissertation, University of Baghdad, 2024.
  Used in: The Great Unthinking: Starving the Mind in an Age of Plenty

• Lee, Hao-Ping (Hank), Ian Drosos, Advait Sarkar, Sean Rintel, Nicholas Wilson, Lev Tankelevitch, and Richard Banks. "The Impact of Generative AI on Critical Thinking: Self-Reported Reductions in Cognitive Effort and Confidence Effects From a Survey of Knowledge Workers." In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '25), 1-23. ACM, 2025.
  Used in: The Great Unthinking: Starving the Mind in an Age of Plenty

• Mann, Melody. "Understanding Child Noncompliance in the Early Care Setting." McNair Research Journal SJSU, 16(1), Article 8, 2020.
  Used in: Parents Teach Your Kids ...

• Neji, W., N. Boughattas, and F. Ziadi. "Exploring New AI-Based Technologies to Enhance Students' Motivation." Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology 20 (2023): 95-110.
  Used in: The Great Unthinking: Starving the Mind in an Age of Plenty

• Ododo, Emmanuel Philip, Iniobong U. B., Udoessien A. I., Ukpe I. U., and James O. D. "Artificial Intelligence in the Classroom: Perceived Challenges to Vocational Education Student Retention and Critical Thinking in Tertiary Institutions." American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovative Research 6 (2024): 30-39.
  Used in: The Great Unthinking: Starving the Mind in an Age of Plenty

• Risko, E. F., and S. J. Gilbert. "Cognitive Offloading." Trends in Cognitive Sciences 20 (2016): 676-688.
  Used in: The Great Unthinking: Starving the Mind in an Age of Plenty

• Rittle-Johnson, Bethany, and Martha W. Alibali. "Conceptual and Procedural Knowledge of Mathematics: Does One Lead to the Other?" Journal of Educational Psychology 91 (1999): 175-189.
  Used in: The Great Unthinking: Starving the Mind in an Age of Plenty

• Schnotz, Wolfgang, and Christian Kürschner. "A Reconsideration of Cognitive Load Theory." Educational Psychology Review 19 (2007): 469-508.
  Used in: The Great Unthinking: Starving the Mind in an Age of Plenty

• Shaikh, S., S. M. Daudpotta, and A. S. Imran. "Bloom's Learning Outcomes' Automatic Classification Using LSTM and Pretrained Word Embeddings." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 117887-117909.
  Used in: The Great Unthinking: Starving the Mind in an Age of Plenty

• Sternberg, Robert J. "Do Not Worry That Generative AI May Compromise Human Creativity or Intelligence in the Future: It Already Has." Journal of Intelligence 12 (2024): 69.
  Used in: The Great Unthinking: Starving the Mind in an Age of Plenty

Articles and Online Sources

• ANSI. Enhancing Critical Thinking with AI: A Practical Guide. The ANSI Blog, August 19, 2025.
  Used in: The Great Unthinking: Starving the Mind in an Age of Plenty

• ANSI. Is AI Eroding Our Critical Thinking Skills? The ANSI Blog, August 18, 2025.
  Used in: The Great Unthinking: Starving the Mind in an Age of Plenty

• Barshay, Jill. "Kids Who Use ChatGPT as a Study Assistant Do Worse on Tests." The Hechinger Report, September 2, 2024.
  Used in: The Great Unthinking: Starving the Mind in an Age of Plenty

• Karamali, Rabiya. "The Power of Friendships and Feeling That We Matter." Psychology Today, 2026.
  Used in: Friends

• Mayo Clinic. "Friendships: Enrich your life and improve your health."
  Used in: Friends

• Pew Research Center. How Americans View AI and Its Impact on People and Society. September 17, 2025.
  Used in: The Great Unthinking: Starving the Mind in an Age of Plenty

• WebMD. "Psychological Benefits of Friendship."
  Used in: Friends

Books

• Crichton, Michael. Jurassic Park. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1990.
  Used in: Thoughts on AI

• Mull, Brandon. Champion of the Titan Games. New York: Shadow Mountain, 2020.
  Used in: Introvert.. Are You Really?

• Mull, Brandon. Master of the Phantom Isle. New York: Shadow Mountain, 2019.
  Used in: Introvert.. Are You Really?

Songs and Recordings

• Aldean, Jason. “Fly Over States.” My Kinda Party. Broken Bow Records, 2010. Audio recording.
  Used in: Thoughts on AI

Historical and Scriptural References

• The Book of Jonah, Old Testament.
  Used in: Don't be a Jonah

• John Adams, Thomas Paine, Benjamin Rush, Mercy Otis Warren, Benjamin Franklin, and Gouverneur Morris. Founding-era quotations on liberty, virtue, truth, ambition, and public good.
  Used in: Happy Birthday America! 250 Years!